amkraḍ n Karpman ssaɣn as awd « amkraḍ amuggan n Karpman » (TDK) iga yan urmmus yamun g ufasr asniman n usmkl n umyawaḍ nna issiẓṛ umẓlay n tsnimant Stephen Karpman g 1968. unug-i n ussfsi da ittajja asksw
anawl) gr sin wuggidn/imslsiwln. amkraḍ -a digs kraḍ tilal (tuggi) : - ungis (amṛẓu) : (aslmad n tilalt) tilalt-a tlla as g uflla i umkraḍ
war tamstggart d awd ar itqql (s ka n yan) /inurz ad iddu ka n yan ( s ismummuyn d unriz nnes) ad as yaws ijjnjmt
s ismummuyn d unriz nnes ira ad as gn awnul ; - amaẓuṛ (amadu
ar isngirif wayyaḍ (ungis) issufɣ d inaruzn nns ukriḍn s umdya s islki
ittaɣ afus i wungis ( mqqar awd itsnt tikkal ur issutir tiwizi).
Pascal. « Du Triangle dramatique de Karpman au Carré maléfique »